Human-in-the-Loop Simulation of an
Integrated Ground Movement Safety System
December 2006
Dr. Peter M. Moertl, The MITRE Corporation
ABSTRACT
This document describes a human-in-the-loop simulation evaluating the effectiveness of
an integrated ground movement safety system for improved runway safety. The evaluated
ground movement safety system contained technologies to enhance pilot awareness as well
as warn pilots about runway safety risks and had been proposed by Andrews, Dorfman,
Estes, Jones, and Olmos (2005). Strengths and limitations of this integrated system as well
as possibilities to address these limitations were determined. Pilots experienced the
integrated safety system that enhanced pilot awareness (passive runway awareness
technologies) and provided visual warnings about surface traffic to pilots (active warning
system). In addition pilots experienced simulation scenarios in a baseline condition. The
passive runway awareness system consisted of enhanced airport surface markings, modified
lead-on lights, and runway guard lights. The active warning components consisted of airport
surface lights including take-off hold lights and runway entrance lights. Two additional
warning systems were designed in this simulation to fill runway safety gaps that the proposed
solution set did not address. Arrival occupancy lights warned arriving aircraft that it was
unsafe to land on a runway. In addition AMASS alerts were directly displayed via auditory
channel to pilots in the cockpit. Results indicate that active pilot warning technologies
reduced the occurrence of simulation incursions.
Additional Search Keywords
runway safety, direct pilot warning, runway guard lights, runway entrance
lights, runway status lights, take-off hold lights, arrival occupancy lights, AMASS, direct
AMASS alerting, human error induction methodology, runway guard lights, enhanced airport
surface markings, modified taxiway centerline lead-on lights, airport surface simulation,
runway conflicts, runway collisions, human-in-the-loop simulation
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